Cytokine & growth factor reviews
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Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. · Dec 2021
ReviewApoptotic cell-derived metabolites in efferocytosis-mediated resolution of inflammation.
The resolution of inflammation, as part of standard host defense mechanism, is the process to guarantee timely termination of inflammatory responses and eventual restoration of tissue homeostasis. It is mainly achieved via efferocytosis, during which pro-resolving macrophages clear apoptotic neutrophils at the inflammatory site. Unfortunately, impaired resolution can be the leading cause of chronic inflammatory disorders and some autoimmune diseases. ⋯ This review provides an overview of the resolution of inflammation, efferocytosis and the key players involved, followed by a focus on the metabolism of apoptotic cell-derived metabolites within efferocytes. Hypotheses of more potential apoptotic cell-derived metabolites and their possible roles in the resolution are also formulated. Understanding the effect of these metabolites further advances the concept that apoptotic cells act as active players to regulate resolution, and also suggests novel therapeutic strategies for diseases driven by defective resolution and even cancer that may be treated through enhanced efferocytosis.