Nephrology
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Major surgery under general anaesthesia frequently triggers acute kidney injury by yet unknown mechanisms. We investigated the role of anaesthesia-triggered systemic hyperglycaemia in impairment of renal functioning, renal tissue injury, intra-renal Angiotensin-II synthesis and endogenous insulin production in anaesthetized rats. ⋯ Anaesthesia-induced hyperglycaemia affects intra-renal auto-regulation via decreased renal perfusion, thus triggering renal function deterioration and tubular injury. Increased intra-renal Angiotensin-II aggravates the damage. Tight hypoglycaemic control might prevent or, at least, attenuate anaesthesia-induced renal injury.
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N-benzylpiperazine (BZP) is the active ingredient in recreational 'party' pills with a stimulant, euphoric mechanism of action akin to that of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy). Many people (ab)use BZP-based party pills usually without any significant toxic effects. ⋯ There is also evidence that these agents may have a specific toxic effect producing acute kidney injury. Thus, acute kidney injury either direct or secondary to the effects of BZP or MDMA need to be considered when any individual presents with symptoms of a recreational party drug overdose.
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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of widely used bioimpedance techniques to assess dry weight (DW) and to predict a state of normal hydration in haemodialysis patients whose post-dialysis weight had been gradually reduced from baseline in successive treatments over time. ⋯ WBM could be useful to predict a target range of normal hydration weight particularly for patients with substantial fluid overload. The cBIS provides an accurate reference for the estimation of DW so that combined use of cBIS and WBM is promising and warrants further studies.