Nephrology
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In Taiwan, Changhua County residents were exposed to high heavy metal pollution and exhibited high heavy metal levels in blood and urine. We examined associations between heavy metals in residential soil and renal outcomes of residents with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ⋯ Patients with CKD, with long-term exposure to soil-based heavy metals, had rapid progression to ESRD. Groups of minerals from the same source of contamination may accumulate and lead to additional harm.