Respirology : official journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology
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Observational Study
Cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnoea treated with continuous positive airway pressure or oral appliance: an observational study.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treated with either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mandibular advancing device (MAD). ⋯ Both CPAP and MAD may be equally effective therapy in reducing the risk of fatal cardiovascular events in patients with severe OSA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of nebulized high-dose budesonide on moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation of asthma in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in asthma exacerbation are yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of nebulized ICS in children with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation of asthma in an emergency room setting in order to elucidate the potential use of ICS as the first-line therapy in the management of acute exacerbation of asthma. ⋯ On the basis of nebulized short-acting bronchodilators, addition of nebulized high-dose budesonide resulted in clinical improvement in children with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation of asthma, suggesting that nebulized high-dose ICS can be used as first-line therapy for non-life-threatening acute exacerbation of asthma in children.
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Observational Study
Positive blood culture is not associated with increased mortality in patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Previous studies have demonstrated that positive blood culture could contribute to poorer outcomes in patients with pneumonia. However, the impact of positive blood culture on the outcomes of patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not been evaluated. ⋯ This study suggests that the presence of positive blood culture is not associated with increased mortality; however, the mean durations of hospital and ICU stays in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS are increased.
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A combined pulmonary fibrosis/emphysema syndrome has been proposed, but the basis for this syndrome is currently uncertain. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid lung (rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD)), and to compare the morphological features of lung fibrosis between smokers and non-smokers. ⋯ In IPF and RA-ILD, a high prevalence of concurrent emphysema, in association with low pack-year smoking histories, and an association between coarser pulmonary fibrosis and a history of smoking in IPF together provide support for possible pathogenetic linkage to smoking in both diseases.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease in which multiple genes and their interaction with environmental factors contribute to disease development. Recent genome-wide association studies in COPD revealed the chromosome 4 region near hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP). However, these studies were mostly performed in Caucasians, and additional studies in multiple ethnic groups are needed. We investigated genetic associations of HHIP in Korean COPD and control subjects. ⋯ Genetic variants in HHIP are associated with lung function in subjects with COPD.