Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
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This position statement was approved by the NAEMSP Board of Directors on 8/24/21.
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Objectives: Prediction of large vessel occlusion (LVO) is highly relevant for accurate prehospital transportation triage. The Austrian Prehospital Stroke Scale (APSS) score for LVO prediction was developed using critical synthesis of previously published LVO-scores. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the APSS and compare it to other LVO-scores. ⋯ Receiver operating curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff for LVO prediction at APSS equal to 4 points. Conclusions: The easy assessable 5-item APSS score tended to outperform other LVO scores. Real-life prospective evaluation in prehospital setting is ongoing.
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Case Reports
Point-of-care ultrasound diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in a high-altitude, resource-poor setting.
Objective: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the evaluation of patients with suspected high-altitude pulmonary edema can be a useful tool in remote, high-altitude areas. The same technique can also yield high differential diagnostic accuracy for other relevant causes of acute respiratory distress at high altitude. With the recent development of high-quality, hand-held ultrasound devices, POCUS can be used with increasing reliability in such environments. ⋯ Methods: By using POCUS, we were able to exclude several important differential diagnoses and diagnose the patient with community-acquired pneumonia. Results: Our findings allowed us to start early on-site treatment and positively influenced shared decision-making with the patient, which led to a helicopter evacuation. Conclusions: This case illustrates that POCUS can be a valuable tool in remote, high-altitude regions and could allow healthcare providers to diagnose and follow-up with patients exhibiting acute respiratory symptoms when other radiological imaging modalities are not available.
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Case Reports
Acute myocardial infarction identified by paramedics using the Smith-modified Sgarbossa criteria: a case report.
Identifying acute MI in the setting of left bundle branch block (LBBB) is challenging because ST-segment elevation is often found at baseline. When faced with LBBB and ischemic symptoms, identifying which patients require urgent reperfusion therapy is critical. ⋯ We present a case of LBBB meeting the Smith-modified Sgarbossa criteria, recognized by paramedics and used to activate the catheterization laboratory after normal business hours. The patient was found with 95% stenosis of the left anterior descending artery and received stenting.
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Background: Naloxone is widely available to bystanders and first responders to treat patients with suspected opioid overdose. In these patients, the prognostic factors and potential benefits associated with additional naloxone administered by emergency medical services (EMS) are uncertain. Objectives: We sought to identify prognostic factors for admission to the hospital following prehospital administration of naloxone for suspected opioid overdose by bystanders and first responders. ⋯ Among 178 patients who had poor neurologic status (GCS ≤12) on paramedic arrival following naloxone administered by bystander or first responder, administration of additional naloxone was not associated with a better rate of neurologic improvement prior to hospital arrival (77% improved with additional naloxone, 81% improved without additional naloxone; OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.39-1.76). Conclusions: Among patients with suspected opioid overdose treated with naloxone by bystanders and first responders, a higher total dose of naloxone and polysubstance intoxication with additional CNS depressants were predictors of admission. Administration of additional naloxone by paramedics was not associated with a higher rate of neurologic improvement prior to hospital arrival, suggesting a ceiling effect on naloxone efficacy in opioid overdose.