Clinical journal of oncology nursing
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Despite the common occurrence of cancer-related dyspnea, a paucity of literature is available for review, especially research literature that reports interventions to control dyspnea. The Oncology Nursing Society's Putting Evidence Into Practice (PEP) initiative organized a team on nurses to examine the literature, rank the evidence, summarize the findings, and make recommendations for nursing practice to improve patient outcomes. ⋯ Five interventions are listed in the effectiveness not established category and include extended-release morphine, midazolam plus morphine, nebulized opioids, the use of gas mixtures, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. This article critically examines the evidence, provides nurses with the best evidence for practice, and identifies gaps in the literature and opportunities for further research.
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Constipation is a major source of distress for patients with cancer, significantly affecting quality of life. It can be secondary to disease sequelae, side effects of treatment, or preexisting conditions. ⋯ This article summarizes the existing research evidence for constipation interventions and identifies gaps. Many of the strategies have been evaluated in nononcology populations; researchers should evaluate their effectiveness in oncology populations.