The veterinary journal
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The veterinary journal · Nov 2012
Comparative StudyEvaluation of peri-operative epidural analgesia with ropivacaine, ropivacaine and sufentanil, and ropivacaine, sufentanil and epinephrine in isoflurane anesthetized dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
The purpose of this study was to compare four epidural protocols for peri-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Forty client-owned dogs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments - groups R0.5 and R1 received 0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg ropivacaine, respectively. Group SR0.5 received 1 μg/kg sufentanil plus 0.5mg/kg ropivacaine, and group SER0.5 received 1 μg/kg sufentanil, 0.5mg/kg ropivacaine plus 6 μg/kg epinephrine. ⋯ Group SER0.5 showed lower post-operative pain scores, and group R1 significantly greater motor block, compared to the other treatment groups. None of the dogs had urinary retention. Epidural sufentanil-epinephrine-ropivacaine provided superior peri-operative analgesia compared to the other treatments, without producing clinically relevant side effects.
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The veterinary journal · Nov 2012
Non-invasive collection of exhaled breath condensate in rats: evaluation of pH, H₂O₂ and NOx in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
The analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) offers the potential for identifying lung disease markers in humans and animals, but methodological issues and standardised procedures need to be addressed before the technique can be considered for use in applications to help understand the role of environmental pollution in respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a new device using a glass-chamber for collecting EBC non-invasively from rats in order to analyse EBC markers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Eighty-four adult rats were used in five different series of experiments to determine the source of EBC formation, intra-day and inter-day variability, and the influence of environmental parameters on EBC markers. ⋯ EBC volume was influenced by both ambient temperature and humidity. Moreover, 3h after LPS challenge, significantly increased concentrations of both NOx and H(2)O(2) were observed in EBC of the LPS group compared with controls (P=0.005 and P=0.027, respectively). These results suggested that EBC collection may be a valuable tool to monitor the presence of markers, such as NOx and H(2)O(2), in an animal model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.
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The veterinary journal · Nov 2012
Comparative StudyEffects of doxapram, prethcamide and lobeline on spirometric, blood gas and acid-base variables in healthy new-born calves.
A number of drugs have been used to treat asphyxia in new-born calves and the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of commonly-used stimulant drugs on ventilation, arterial blood gas and acid base variables. A group (n=18) of new-born (3-15 h old) calves were treated in a randomised sequence with doxapram (40 mg, IV), lobeline (5mg, IV) or prethcamide (5 mL, consisting of 375 mg crotethamide and 375 mg cropropamide, buccally). Blood and spirometric measurements, using an ultrasonic spirometer, were collected prior to and 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 min after administration of each drug. ⋯ The effects of doxapram on ventilation were accompanied by an increase in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (P(a)O(2)) (77.7 ± 18.8 mm Hg to 93.2 ± 23.7 mm Hg), a decrease in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P(a)CO(2)) (42.6 ± 4.9 mm Hg to 33.1 ± 6.6mm Hg), a significant increase in pH and a decrease in bicarbonate concentration and base excess 1 min after treatment. Prethcamide caused a gradual increase in P(a)O(2) and decrease in P(a)CO(2) over 90 min, whereas lobeline had no measurable effect on the investigated variables. Of the three treatments, only doxapram had a distinct stimulatory effect on respiration in healthy neonatal calves and may therefore be useful in the treatment of calf asphyxia.