The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Sep 2011
Meta AnalysisAttributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis.
To investigate whether ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a true cause of mortality in the intensive care unit setting. ⋯ Presence, compared to absence, of VAP seems to be associated with higher mortality in critically ill patients. Appropriateness of initial antimicrobial treatment in such patients may moderate this association.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Sep 2011
Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are now a nationwide epidemic in South Africa. Epidemiological data suggest nosocomial transmission as the primary route of spread; however, transmission among household contacts has not yet been investigated. ⋯ Incidence rates of MDR- and XDR-TB among household contacts were extremely high, with most secondary cases occurring shortly after the diagnosis of the index case. Active case finding of drug-resistant TB is a high-yield public health activity and must be a priority, as early diagnosis may stem further disease spread and improve survival.