The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Dec 2012
Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian children living with a sputum smear-positive case.
Young children living with infectious tuberculosis (TB) cases are at high risk of infection and disease, and screening is recommended. This is rarely conducted in resource-limited settings. Identifying children most at risk of infection may be useful for setting practical screening policies. ⋯ M. tuberculosis infection according to either test was high, supporting screening and preventive treatment. Children of smear-positive TB cases who accompany their parents to the clinic should be prioritised for immediate screening.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Nov 2012
ReviewThe knowns and unknowns of the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.
In this review, we discuss the 'knowns' and 'unknowns' of host defence towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With regard to the 'knowns', both protective and immunopathogenic mechanisms are discussed, including recently discovered new pathways of host defence and inflammatory immunopathology. With regard to the 'unknowns', there will be emphasis on unanswered key questions, accompanied by a perspective on needs and priorities for future research. The role of the inflammatory response and its dysregulation in tuberculosis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome will also be discussed.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Nov 2012
Low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Ugandan HIV-infected patients with and without tuberculosis.
To examine whether hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for the development of tuberculosis (TB) associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). ⋯ The prevalence of optimal vitamin D status was relatively high in HIV-infected patients with and without TB living near the equator. No difference in 25D concentrations was observed between TB-IRIS and non-IRIS. However, 25D concentrations decreased during ART.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Oct 2012
Multicenter StudyRapid molecular detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Santiago, Chile.
Santiago, Chile, has a mean annual tuberculosis (TB) rate of 13 per 100 000 population; however, TB incidence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals is at least 20 times higher. ⋯ Xpert MTB/RIF provided earlier TB diagnosis in 25% more cases than acid-fast smear alone. Its implementation should be considered for TB diagnosis in HIV-positive patients even outside TB-endemic areas.