The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in adults is either acquired due to poor treatment management or transmitted from infectious DR-TB cases, while children mainly have transmitted disease. Diagnosis of DR-TB relies on drug susceptibility testing (DST), which is not routinely performed in high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings. The Category II retreatment regimen is inadequate for Category I failures if multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is present. ⋯ The presence of FQ resistance prior to MDR-TB treatment poses a serious challenge. To prevent the development of extensively drug-resistant TB, strategies to protect the FQs, the most important second-line agents, need to be developed. Clinical trials assessing MDR-TB treatment regimens are urgently needed.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · May 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA pilot trial of non-invasive home ventilation after acidotic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who survive an episode of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) after treatment with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) have a high risk of recurrent AHRF. We hypothesised that continuation of NIV at home in these patients would reduce the likelihood of recurrent AHRF. ⋯ In selected COPD patients with AHRF treated with acute NIV, continuation with home NIV is associated with a lower risk of recurrent severe COPD exacerbation with AHRF when compared with CPAP.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Apr 2010
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyMacrolides versus quinolones in Legionella pneumonia: results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization international study.
Data supporting a quinolone or a macrolide as preferred therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Legionella pneumophila are not firmly established. Some literature suggests a benefit of quinolones over macrolides. ⋯ LOS and TCS were not statistically different between the macrolide and the LVX groups in treating CAP due to Legionella, despite trends in both outcomes favoring LVX.