The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Jan 2002
Underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Northern Sweden.
To assess underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ⋯ Approximately 60% of the subjects with chronic airflow limitation had been diagnosed prior to the survey as having asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, or were using asthma medicines. The results were similar in 1986-1987 and 1993-1994.
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Much has been learned over the last decade about the genetic predisposition to different patterns of sarcoidosis and its pathogenesis. These major advances have been possible through the very rapid evolution of newer molecular technology. ⋯ Specific focus is given to genetic predisposition and trigger factors-molecular epidemiology. The more novel approaches that have been taken to attempt to treat this disease more effectively are also addressed.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Jun 2001
ReviewClinical signs of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory infection: indicators of oxygen therapy.
Hypoxaemia is a common complication of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. In most developing countries, where the majority of deaths from pneumonia occur, facilities for early detection of hypoxaemia are lacking and oxygen is in short supply. This review examines the usefulness of different clinical signs and symptoms in the prediction of hypoxaemia associated with acute respiratory infections in children. ⋯ These include very fast breathing (with a respiratory rate of more than 60 or 70 breaths per minute), cyanosis, grunting, nasal flaring, chest retractions, head nodding and auscultatory signs, as well as signs of general depression of the child, such as inability to feed or lethargy. The sensitivity and specificity of these signs, as described in the reviewed studies, is presented, and combination rules are discussed. Through appropriate combination of several physical signs, which can be used by peripheral health workers and be taught to mothers, it is possible to predict hypoxaemia in children with acute respiratory tract infections with reasonable accuracy.