The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Jun 2001
Hypoxaemia in children with severe pneumonia in Papua New Guinea.
To investigate the severity and duration of hypoxaemia in 703 children with severe or very severe pneumonia presenting to Goroka Hospital in the Papua New Guinea highlands; to study the predictive value of clinical signs for the severity of hypoxaemia, the predictive value of transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) and other variables for mortality. ⋯ There is a need to increase the availability of supplemental oxygen in smaller health facilities in developing countries, and to train health workers to recognise the clinical signs and risk factors for hypoxaemia. In moderate sized hospitals a protocol for the administration of oxygen based on pulse oximetry may improve survival.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Jun 2001
ReviewOxygen delivery to children with hypoxaemia in small hospitals in developing countries.
Oxygen administration is one of the most important modalities of therapy for a patient with hypoxaemia to prevent death. This review summarises the methods of oxygen delivery applicable in small hospitals in developing countries, and evaluates information about their safety and efficacy. The following criteria were considered: cost and availability, efficiency/oxygen concentration achieved, tolerability/comfort of the method, requirement of humidification, demand for nursing care, and safety of the method and complications. ⋯ Nasal prongs are the safest method of oxygen delivery, but nasopharyngeal catheters and nasal catheters are more easily available and less expensive. However, if they are used, they need close supervision to avoid serious complications. Nasal prongs are the method of choice for oxygen delivery in small hospitals in developing countries.
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A comparison is made between oxygen cylinders and oxygen concentrators as sources for clinical use. Oxygen cylinders are in widespread use, but costs and logistic factors favour the use of concentrators in many developing country situations, especially where cylinder supplies fail to penetrate.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Apr 2001
Comparative StudyInfection and disease among household contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Urban public teaching and referral hospital in Espirito Santo, Brazil. ⋯ Our data suggest that the prevalence of tuberculous infection and progression to active TB among household contacts exposed to DS and MDR-TB cases is comparable, despite a longer duration of exposure of contacts to the index case in patients with MDR-TB.
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Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. · Apr 2001
Public-private partnership in tuberculosis control: experience in Hyderabad, India.
Hyderabad, India. ⋯ Collaborative efforts between private practitioners and the government can achieve moderate-high rates of case detection and high rates of treatment success. Public-private services appeared to be more convenient to patients, who paid less for care and were less likely to miss work in order to participate in DOTS. Clearly defined roles and expectations and frequent communication are essential to success. An institution such as a non-profit hospital can serve as an effective intermediary between the government DOTS programme and private practitioners.