Depression and anxiety
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEscitalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo controlled, flexible-dose study.
Escitalopram has been shown in clinical trials to improve anxiety symptoms associated with depression, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Outpatients (18 years or older) who met DSM-IV criteria for GAD, with baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) scores > or = 18, were randomly assigned to double blind treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/day for the first 4 weeks and then flexibly dosed from 10-20 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks, following a 1-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in period. ⋯ Response rates at Week 8 were 68% for escitalopram and 41% for placebo (P<.01) for completers, and 58% for escitalopram and 38% for placebo LOCF values (P<.01). Treatment with escitalopram was well tolerated, with low rates of reported adverse events and an incidence of discontinuation due to adverse events not statistically different from placebo (8.9% vs. 5.1%; P=.27). Escitalopram 10-20 mg/day is effective, safe, and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with GAD.
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2004
Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students.
We examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) [Beck et al., 1996, San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation]. Four hundred fourteen undergraduate students at two public universities participated. ⋯ In addition, the internal consistency was high and the concurrent validity of the BDI-II was supported by positive correlations with self-report measures of depression and anxiety. These findings replicate prior research supporting the validity and reliability of the BDI-II in a college sample.
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2004
Quality of life and post trauma symptomatology in motor vehicle accident survivors: the mediating effects of depression and anxiety.
We examined the respective contributions of depression, anxiety, and post-trauma symptoms, as these factors reduce quality of life (QOL) in 111 individuals who had experienced a serious motor vehicle accident. Correlations and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate whether the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms influences QOL directly, and whether depression and anxiety mediated this relationship. Results indicated that post trauma symptomatology has a negative effect on QOL, which is mediated by depression and anxiety.
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2004
Linear and nonlinear measures of blood pressure variability: increased chaos of blood pressure time series in patients with panic disorder.
Arterial blood pressure (BP) variability increases progressively with the development of hypertension and an increase in BP variability is associated with end organ damage and cardiovascular morbidity. On the other hand, a decrease in heart rate (HR) variability is associated with significant cardiovascular mortality. There is a strong association between cardiovascular mortality and anxiety. ⋯ The ratios of LLE (SBP/HR) and LLE (DBP/HR) were also significantly higher (P<.001) in patients compared to controls. These findings further suggest dissociation between HR and BP variability and a possible relative increase in sympathetic function in anxiety. This increase in BP variability may partly explain the increase in cardiovascular mortality in this group of patients.