British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Gastric emptying and small bowel transit in male volunteers after i.m. ketorolac and morphine.
Ten male volunteers were studied in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Each received ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg and morphine sulphate 10 mg i.m. at an interval of 2 weeks. After a standard radiolabelled meal, gastric emptying half-time (GE) and small intestinal transit time (SIT) were measured using a gamma camera. ⋯ Mean GE, SIT and TFF were significantly prolonged by morphine compared with ketorolac (P less than 0.03); ETH was prolonged also, but the difference was not significant. There were no significant correlations between SIT, ETH and TFF. Most subjects reported adverse effects after morphine, but only one after ketorolac.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison between sevoflurane and halothane for paediatric ambulatory anaesthesia.
We have compared the rapidity and quality of recovery after sevoflurane anaesthesia with those after halothane anaesthesia. Thirty unpremedicated paediatric outpatients undergoing pulsed-dye laser therapy for port-wine stains were allocated randomly to receive either halothane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. ⋯ No major adverse effects were encountered in each group. These results suggest that sevoflurane anaesthesia is preferable to halothane anaesthesia for paediatric ambulatory patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of pindolol on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation often cause hypertension, tachycardia and arrhythmias, which may be exaggerated during rapid-sequence induction of anaesthesia. We have studied the efficacy of pindolol in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients receiving pindolol 2 micrograms kg-1 or 4 micrograms kg-1 3 min before induction of anaesthesia in a double-blind design. The data were compared with those in a control group receiving saline. ⋯ These increases after tracheal intubation were reduced in pindolol 4 micrograms kg-1 treated patients compared with those in the control group (P less than 0.05). Pindolol 2 micrograms kg-1 attenuated tachycardia in response to intubation but did not affect hypertension. These data suggest that a bolus injection of pindolol 4 micrograms kg-1 is a simple, practical and effective method for attenuating cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of adenosine triphosphate on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation often cause hypertension and tachycardia, which may be exaggerated during rapid-sequence induction of anaesthesia. The efficacy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in attenuating this response was studied in patients receiving ATP 0.05 mg kg-1 or 0.1 mg kg-1 simultaneously with the start of laryngoscopy. These data were compared with those for a control group receiving saline. ⋯ Patients receiving saline showed a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and rate-pressure product associated with tracheal intubation. These increase after tracheal intubation were reduced in ATP-treated patients compared with those of the control group (P less than 0.05). The data suggest that a bolus injection of ATP is a simple, practical and effective method for attenuating the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Systemic fentanyl enhances the spread of spinal analgesia produced by lignocaine.
Seventy-one patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to one of four groups; fentanyl-naloxone (F-Nal), fentanyl-normal saline (F-NS), normal saline-naloxone (NS-Nal), and normal saline-normal saline (NS-NS) group. Twenty minutes after subarachnoid injection of hyperbaric lignocaine 100 mg, we tested the level of spinal analgesia (pinprick sensation) and administered i.v. either fentanyl 100 micrograms (F-Nal and F-NS groups) or normal saline 2 ml (NS-Nal and NS-NS groups). Ten minutes later, we assessed the new levels of analgesia and administered i.v. either naloxone 0.4 mg (F-Nal and NS-Nal groups) or normal saline 1 ml (F-NS and NS-NS groups). ⋯ Forty minutes after spinal block, the decrease in analgesia in the F-Nal group (3.97 cm) differed significantly from that in the other groups (P less than 0.01). Systemic fentanyl enhanced the spread of analgesia. This enhancement was antagonized by naloxone.