British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of a single dose of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS) during propofol/fentanyl anaesthesia.
Esmolol, a short-acting beta 1-antagonist, can reduce anaesthetic requirements and decrease seizure activity during electroconvulsive therapy even after a single dose of 80 mg. We studied the effect of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS), which is a processed EEG recently introduced to monitor depth of anaesthesia. ⋯ The results suggest that a single dose of esmolol affects the SAP and heart rate but does not affect BIS values.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Comparison of morphine alone with morphine plus clonidine for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia.
Clonidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist with analgesic properties. This study aimed to see if the addition of clonidine to morphine when given by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) would improve analgesia beyond the first 12 h after surgery. ⋯ Pain scores were significantly lower in Group C between 0 and 12 h, but thereafter there was no difference. Morphine consumption was the same for both groups until 24-36 h. Nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in Group C between 0 and 24 h. Patients in Group C were significantly happier with their pain relief (four-point scale).
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Studies on the effects of anaesthesia on event-related potentials and long latency auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) are sparse. Both provide information on cortical processing and may have potential as monitors of awareness. We studied the effect of propofol on the event-related potential mismatch negativity (MMN) and the long-latency AEP NI. ⋯ MMN is unlikely to be a clinically useful tool to detect awareness in surgical patients. In contrast, the loss of N1 may identify the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness and deserves further study.
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Comparative Study
Pharmacological preconditioning: comparison of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane in rabbit myocardium.
Recent investigations showed that isoflurane can induce pharmacological preconditioning. The present study aimed to compare the potency of four different halogenated anaesthetics to induce preconditioning. ⋯ Halothane, isoflurane and desflurane induced pharmacological preconditioning, whereas sevoflurane had no significant effect. In this preparation, desflurane was the most effective agent at preconditioning the myocardium against ischaemia.