British journal of anaesthesia
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Postoperative bladder distension and urinary retention are commonly underestimated. Ultrasound enables accurate measurement of bladder volume and thus makes it possible to determine the prevalence of postoperative bladder distension. ⋯ Before discharge from the recovery room it seems worthwhile to systematically check the bladder volume with a portable ultrasound device in patients with risk factors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Agitation and changes of Bispectral Index and electroencephalographic-derived variables during sevoflurane induction in children: clonidine premedication reduces agitation compared with midazolam.
This double-blind randomized study was undertaken to assess agitation, Bispectral Index (BIS) and EEG changes during induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children premedicated with midazolam or clonidine. ⋯ Compared with midazolam, clonidine premedication reduced agitation during sevoflurane induction. During induction with sevoflurane 8% (oxygen 50%-nitrous oxide 50%), the nadir of the BIS occurred at the end of the second minute of inhalation. Agitation was associated with a more pronounced slowing of the EEG rhythms at BIS(nadir) compared with inductions in which no agitation was observed. The BIS may not follow the depth of anaesthesia during sevoflurane induction in children.
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Comparative Study
Cardioprotective effects of desflurane: effect of timing and duration of administration in rat myocardium.
We compared the cardioprotective effects of 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane administered before, during or after ischaemia, or throughout the experiment (before, during and after ischaemia) on myocardial infarct size following 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 3 h reperfusion in adult rats. ⋯ In rats, desflurane 1 MAC significantly decreased myocardial infarct size whatever the period and duration of administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Supplementary oxygen for elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: useful in prolonged uterine incision-to-delivery interval?
The benefit of administering supplementary oxygen during elective Caesarean section under regional anaesthesia is controversial. It has been hypothesized that its use would improve fetal oxygenation in the event of a prolonged uterine incision-to-delivery (U-D) interval. Our aim was to test this hypothesis in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. ⋯ Supplementary oxygen did not increase fetal oxygenation in cases where the U-D interval was prolonged. Our data do not support the routine administration of supplementary oxygen during elective Caesarean section for this purpose.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of rofecoxib on platelet aggregation and blood loss in gynaecological and breast surgery compared with diclofenac.
Non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors or non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently omitted for perioperative pain relief because of potential side-effects. COX-2-selective inhibitors may have a more favourable side-effect profile. This study tested the hypothesis that the COX-2-selective inhibitor rofecoxib has less influence on platelet function than the NSAID diclofenac in gynaecological surgery. In addition, analgesic efficacy and side-effects of the two drugs were compared. ⋯ Besides having a smaller effect on platelet aggregation, one oral dose of rofecoxib 50 mg given before surgery provided postoperative analgesia similar to that given by three doses of diclofenac 50 mg and was associated with less use of anti-emetics and less surgical blood loss in gynaecological surgery compared with diclofenac.