British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil in low-dose dilute bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy.
The administration of low-dose bupivacaine can limit the distribution of spinal block to reduce adverse haemodynamic effects. Intrathecal opioids can enhance analgesia in combination with subtherapeutic doses of local anaesthetics. We aimed at comparing the efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil with low-dose diluted bupivacaine for transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) in elderly patients. ⋯ Low-dose diluted bupivacaine with fentanyl 25 microg or sufentanil 5 microg can provide adequate anaesthesia without haemodynamic instability for TURP in elderly patients. However, sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in the quality of the spinal block produced.
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Comparative Study
Differential effects of halothane and sevoflurane on hypoxia-induced intracellular calcium transients of neonatal rat carotid body type I cells.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on the magnitude of the increase in intracellular calcium with hypoxia in carotid body type I (glomus) cells. We wished to ascertain if the effects of these agents in single cells paralleled their known effects on the human hypoxic ventilatory response, where halothane depresses this response more than does sevoflurane. ⋯ The actions of the agents in single cells reflect their known influence on human hypoxic ventilatory response, consistent with the notion that the cellular process underlies the whole-body effect. The responses to elevated extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the cell membrane, indicate that (in addition to molecular mechanisms previously proposed), voltage-activated calcium channels may also be involved in the anaesthetic effect.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Caesarean delivery.
The landmark-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an effective method of providing postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound (US)-guided TAP block in patients undergoing Caesarean delivery. ⋯ The US-guided TAP block reduces morphine requirements after Caesarean delivery when used as a component of a multimodal analgesic regimen. Registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000540314. URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=83176.
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The role of the endogenous opioid system in the anaesthetic effect of volatile anaesthetics and the analgesic action of nitrous oxide (N2O) is unclear. In the current study, we investigated whether the mu-opioid receptor (MOP) is involved in these activities using MOP knockout (MOP-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. ⋯ These results suggest that MOP is not required for the anaesthetic action of volatile anaesthetics and the analgesic effect of N2O. Opioid receptors other than MOP may mediate the analgesic action of N2O.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Relative potencies of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine for neonatal spinal anaesthesia.
Comparing the relative potency of new local anaesthetics such as levobupivacaine and ropivacaine with bupivacaine by the minimum local analgesic concentration model has not been described for neonatal spinal anaesthesia. This information is important to compare agents and to determine the most effective spinal dose. ⋯ Appropriate doses for infant spinal anaesthesia are 1 mg kg(-1) of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine and ropivacaine and 1.2 mg kg(-1) of isobaric 0.5% levobupivacaine.