British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmental area in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study.
Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent disorder with unsatisfactory treatment options. Both physical and mindful exercises may be able to relieve its pain symptoms. We compared the modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which play important roles in descending opioidergic pathways and reward/motivation systems in patients with knee osteoarthritis. ⋯ ChiCTR-IOR-16009308.
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General anaesthetics affect loss of consciousness by disrupting information-passing and integration within thalamo-cortical (TC) networks. Feedback cortical connections that carry internally generated signals such as expectation and attention appear more sensitive to anaesthesia than feedforward signals. However, direct evidence for this effect in non-primary cortex is lacking. In addition, direct comparisons between TC core and matrix, and between cortico-cortical (CC) feedforward and feedback responses have not been reported. ⋯ Differential sensitivity of CC feedback synaptic responses to isoflurane in a clinically relevant range suggests a role for disruption of these afferents in the hypnotic effects of anaesthetic agents.