International journal of clinical practice
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2005
Efficacy of moxifloxacin for treatment of penicillin-, macrolide- and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia.
This pooled analysis of six prospective, multicentre trials aimed to determine the efficacy of moxifloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to penicillin-, macrolide- and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP). At a central laboratory, isolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility determined (microbroth dilution). MDRSP was defined as resistance > or =3 drug classes. ⋯ The moxifloxacin MIC90 was 0.25 microg/ml. Clinical cure with moxifloxacin was 95.4% (125/131) overall, and 100% (21/21) for penicillin-, 95.7% (22/23) for macrolide- and 96.4% (27/28) for multidrug-resistant strains. Moxifloxacin provided excellent clinical and bacteriological cure rates in CAP due to drug-resistant pneumococci.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2005
Editorial CommentTwo week wait for suspected cancer: milestone or millstone?
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The 2-week rule, stating that patients with suspected cancer should be seen by a specialist within 2 weeks of referral by their General Practitioner, was introduced in the UK in 2000. Although it has been the subject of much interest in the literature, to date there has been no review of the literature. ⋯ However, concerns have been raised over the often low yield of malignancy and the high proportion of malignancies still being diagnosed outside the 2-week wait system. There is, as yet, no evidence that the initiative impacts on survival.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2005
Case ReportsStrategic management of severe acute pancreatitis in the Jehovah's witness.
Haemorrhage can be a lethal complication of severe acute pancreatitis. Management includes identification and control of the source of bleeding and supportive therapy such as blood transfusion. Individuals who refuse transfusion on the grounds of religious belief can provide a further major challenge. ⋯ The episode was complicated by infected pancreatic necrosis requiring surgical intervention. Careful strategic planning is critical to the management of severe acute pancreatitis in patients of the Jehovah's Witness faith. In this case, acute pancreatitis complicated by infected necrosis was successfully managed by the use of preoperative erythropoietin, venesection using paediatric blood vials, meticulous intraoperative attention to haemostasis and the use of adjunctive intraoperative techniques such as argon diathermy.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2005
ReviewCardiac troponins in renal failure - time for an optimistic consensus?
Elevated cardiac troponin concentrations are now accepted as the gold standard biochemical markers for the diagnosis of myocardial damage in patients with unstable coronary syndromes, having also a demonstrated value in early risk stratification and in adopting different therapeutic strategies. The specificity and sensitivity of cardiac troponins for diagnosis of acute coronary diseases in renal failure have been a point of confusion over the past decade, mainly because of moderate elevations of these cardiac biomarkers, commonly observed in patients with chronic renal dysfunction and without any significant myocardial damage. This review discusses the cardiac troponins, their biochemistry, their currently accepted cut-off values and their real significance in chronic renal failure (CRF), concluding that troponins maintain their diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with CRF, being predictive not only of cardiovascular mortality but also of general mortality in this patient group.