International journal of clinical practice
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2017
ReviewSerum testosterone levels in male hypogonadism: Why and when to check-A review.
Although "late onset hypogonadism", a condition that includes low testosterone and symptoms, is common in men over the age of 40 years, diagnosis is not clear cut amongst non-specialists. It is the aim of this review to provide an up to date picture of how this state should be diagnosed and managed. ⋯ This review highlights the importance of diagnosing late onset hypogonadism due to its association with morbidity/mortality and benefits following testosterone replacement. Thus, after making recommendations to ensure correct diagnosis we speculate whether the time has come to move away from population derived testosterone levels towards evidence based action limits.
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To raise awareness on nocturia disease burden and to provide simplified aetiologic evaluation and related treatment pathways. ⋯ The cause(s) of nocturia should be first evaluated in all patients. Afterwards, the underlying pathophysiology should be treated specifically, alone with lifestyle interventions or in combination with drugs or (prostate) surgery.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Nov 2017
ReviewDeutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed?
Deutetrabenazine is a deuterated formulation of tetrabenazine. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the efficacy, tolerability and safety of deutetrabenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD). ⋯ Deutetrabenazine is the second FDA-approved agent specifically indicated for the treatment of TD. Head-to-head comparisons with other VMAT2 inhibitors among patients with TD in the "real world" are needed.