The British journal of nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of moderate energy restriction on apnoea severity and CVD risk factors in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Nutritional intervention for weight loss is one of the treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with overweight or obesity. However, the effects of moderate energy restriction on OSA severity are not yet known. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of moderate energy restriction on OSA severity and CVD risk factors in obese patients with OSA. ⋯ The ERG (n 11), compared with the CG (n 10), had a significantly greater reduction in body weight (Cohen's d=-1·19; P<0·001), in AHI (Cohen's d=-0·95; P=0·04) and in plasma concentrations of adrenaline (Cohen's d=-1·02; P=0·04) as well as a significantly greater increase in minimum O2 saturation (Cohen's d=1·08; P=0·03). Although energy restriction was not associated with significant improvements in CVD risk factors, medium-to-large effect sizes were observed, suggesting that the statistically non-significant difference between groups may be due to the small sample size. This study suggests that in obese patients with OSA, moderate energy restriction is able to reduce the parameters of OSA severity and sympathetic activity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Contribution of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) to circulating AGE: role of dietary fat.
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether macronutrient content (low-fat v. high-fat diet) influences an indicator of advanced glycation end products (AGE), N(ε) carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), in the context of a 1-d, high-AGE diet. The effect of the diets on inflammatory markers was also assessed. A total of nineteen overweight and obese adults (nine men and ten women) without known disease were recruited to participate in a crossover challenge of a high-fat, high-AGE (HFHA) and low-fat, high-AGE (LFHA) diet. ⋯ These findings suggest that dietary CML may not be as important in influencing serum CML as other dietary factors. In addition, acute exposure to dietary CML may not influence inflammation in adults without diabetes or kidney disease. This is contrary to previous findings.