Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
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Imaging criteria and radiologic measurements play a key role in the diagnosis of spinal diseases. In addition, they often create the basis of classification systems that determine the severity of the disease and thereby enable a stage-related therapy. ⋯ Various specialized committees dealing with the diagnosis of spinal diseases have made efforts within the last years to develop diagnostic standards. This review provides an overview of radiologic measurements and classification systems that are currently used for the diagnosis of scoliosis and degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine.
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Different interventional procedures performed under imaging guidance permit the diagnosis and treatment of the many causes of back pain. Sources of pain amenable to be treated include facet joints, vertebral body, intervertebral disk, and paraspinal structures including nerves and ganglion roots. These procedures may be merely diagnostic, therapeutic, or intended for both purposes. We review the main indications, advantages, and complications of these techniques.