European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Absence of long-term analgesic effect from a short-term S-ketamine infusion on fibromyalgia pain: a randomized, prospective, double blind, active placebo-controlled trial.
To assess the analgesic efficacy of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist S(+)-ketamine on fibromyalgia pain, the authors performed a randomized double blind, active placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-four fibromyalgia patients were randomized to receive a 30-min intravenous infusion with S(+)-ketamine (total dose 0.5mg/kg, n=12) or the active placebo, midazolam (5mg, n=12). Visual Analogue Pain Scores (VAS) and ketamine plasma samples were obtained for 2.5-h following termination of treatment; pain scores derived from the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) were collected weekly during an 8-week follow-up. ⋯ Side effects as measured by the Bowdle questionnaire (which scores for 13 separate psychedelic symptoms) were mild to moderate in both study groups and declined rapidly, indicating adequate blinding of treatments. Efficacy of ketamine was limited and restricted in duration to its pharmacokinetics. The authors argue that a short-term infusion of ketamine is insufficient to induce long-term analgesic effects in fibromyalgia patients.
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(1) To compare caregivers attitudes on the use of end-of-life opioid analgesia in neonatal (NICU) and pediatric (PICU) intensive care units. (2) To investigate actual opioid administration to DR (delivery room), NICU and PICU patients in various end-of-life situations. ⋯ End-of-life opioid administration to primary comfort care patients in the DR differs fundamentally from NICU or PICU handling of dying patients. Once patients are admitted to an intensive care unit, practice and attitudes towards end-of-life opioid administration are similar in NICUs and PICUs.
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We investigated the potential of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2))-induced pancreatitis to promote abdominal hyperalgesia, as well as to depolarize sensory fibres in vitro using a grease-gap technique. Pancreatitis was induced by the injection of sPLA(2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus (sPLA(2)Cdt, 300μgkg(-1)) venom into the common bile duct of rats. Pancreatic inflammatory signs, serum amylase levels and abdominal hyperalgesia were evaluated in rats treated or not with SR140333, a tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist. ⋯ Neither sPLA(2)Cdt nor sPLA(2) from Naja mocambique mocambique venom depolarized capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibres from rat vagus nerve, but they decreased the propagated compound action potentials in both A and C fibres. These data show for the first time that NK(1) receptors play an important role in the early abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of sPLA(2)-induced pancreatitis, suggesting that these receptors are of importance in the development of pain in the pancreatitis condition. We also provide evidence that sPLA(2)s do not directly depolarize sensory fibres in vitro.
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Review
Understanding fear of pain in chronic pain: interoceptive fear conditioning as a novel approach.
The current review deals with interoceptive conditioning as a viable mechanism maintaining fear of pain: The available literature suggests that interoceptive - i.e., internal bodily - sensations may become predictors of pain and will subsequently elicit fear of pain. After a short overview of interoceptive (fear) conditioning and its role in the maintenance of panic disorder, the existing literature on conditioning in the field of pain and fear of pain is reviewed. Next, the authors propose an interoceptive fear conditioning model of fear of pain, suggesting that bodily sensations can function as predictors of pain and as conditioned stimuli become endowed with the capacity to elicit an (anticipatory) fear response. The review concludes with a number of theoretical and clinical considerations, introducing interoceptive exposure as a potentially effective treatment for fear of pain.
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The long-term course of long-standing low back pain is largely unknown since long-term data are scarce. ⋯ Low back pain in the population is characterized as very dynamic which challenges epidemiological studies highly. Long-term information on the course of back pain is needed to define severe subgroups.