European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and conditioned pain modulation influence the perception of pain in humans.
Research in animal models suggests that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) produce analgesia via two different supraspinal pathways. No known studies have examined whether TENS and CPM applied simultaneously in human subjects will enhance the analgesic effect of either treatment alone. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the simultaneous application of TENS and CPM will enhance the analgesic effect of that produced by either treatment alone. ⋯ TENS application increases PPT; however, combining CPM and TENS does not increase the CPM's hypoalgesic response. CPM effect on PPT is associated with the effects of TENS on PPT.
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Observer-rated pain assessment instruments for people with dementia have proliferated in recent years and are mainly effective in identifying the presence of pain. The objective of this study was to determine whether these tools can also be used to evaluate intensity of pain. ⋯ The use of the Abbey Pain Scale, PAINAD or NOPPAIN improves both the recognition of pain presence/absence as well as rating pain severity in older people with impaired cognition.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acidic saline-induced pain as a model for experimental masseter myalgia in healthy subjects.
Repeated injection of acidic saline into skeletal muscles of the leg in rodents induces a prolonged bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia that persists for up to 30 days and may be useful to model widespread muscle pain conditions. In this study, repeated injection of acidic (pH 3.3) saline solution into the masseter muscle of healthy human subjects was undertaken to determine if these injections are painful and whether they would induce a prolonged period of muscle sensitization to artificial and/or natural mechanical stimulation of the masseter and temporalis muscles. ⋯ These findings indicate that, unlike in some rodent models, repeated injection of low pH solutions into jaw muscles of humans fails to induce a period of prolonged muscle hyperalgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of the effects of a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-antagonist on electrically induced pain and central sensitization in healthy human volunteers.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single dose of the mGluR5-antagonist AZD9272 on electrically induced pain, central sensitization and axon reflex flare. ⋯ Single doses of the centrally acting mGluR5-antagonist AZD9272 did not reduce C-fibre evoked pain, central sensitization or flare reaction.
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Multicenter Study
Psychiatric co-morbidities in patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain: A multicentre cohort study.
Psychiatric co-morbidities are common in patients with chronic pain, but no data are available about their prevalence in patients with neuropathic pain. ⋯ Lifetime and current anxiety and mood disorders are highly prevalent in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain, and are associated with high levels of catastrophizing. Early management of catastrophizing may contribute to reducing the risk of psychiatric co-morbidities in these patients.