European journal of pain : EJP
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Ziconotide is a selective and potent blocker of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2004 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2005 for the treatment of severe chronic pain in patients needing intrathecal analgesia (ITA). The aim of this paper is to provide a practitioner-oriented, educational, narrative, up-to-date review on the use of ziconotide in clinical pain medicine. ⋯ However, in many European countries, ziconotide treatment is only available in a few (if any) centres. The safety profile of ziconotide is not fundamentally more worrying than that of opioids or cannabinoids; it is just different. This paper provides a concise, up-to-date and clinically-oriented summary of the use of ziconotide in clinical practice, not least concerning safety and dosage issues.
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Cold pressor test was recently reported to significantly reduce painful cutaneous electrical stimulation (PCES)-induced pain and corresponding evoked potentials (PCES-EPs), but whether this reduction is an effect of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) remains unknown. To what extent these findings are confounded by habituation is also unknown. We thus compared the effect of CPM and habituation on PCES-induced pain and PCES-EPs and analysed whether increased attention by a random change of electric stimulation would intensify this possible habituation effect. ⋯ Painful cutaneous electrical stimulation leads to moderate habituation of pain and evoked potential amplitudes, but the conditioned pain modulation effect using this method is significantly larger, which might indicate a different mechanism in central processing.
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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with deficits in limb recognition. The purpose of our study was to determine whether mental load during this task affected performance, sympathetic nervous system activity or pain in CRPS patients. ⋯ The effects of mental load need to be considered when patients with CRPS-I are investigated for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons.
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Self-management is recommended for patients with chronic back pain. Health professionals' support for self-management can be more effective when working in partnership with patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between patient-professional partnerships and the self-management of chronic back pain. ⋯ This study identified and validated strong associations between patient-professional partnerships and self-management. Support for self-management alone may not be sufficient, and building partnerships where patients and professionals work together towards agreed goals make an essential contribution to helping increase patients' ability to self-manage chronic back pain.
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Obesity and chronic pain are prevalent concerns. Pain is frequently experienced in weight-bearing joints, but is common in other areas of the body as well, suggesting other factors. Poor diet often contributes to obesity and can directly influence the immune system. We have shown that poor diet prolongs recovery from inflammatory injury. Therefore, our goal was to determine whether poor-quality diet-induced consequences could be prevented or reversed by an anti-inflammatory diet (AID). ⋯ Obesity may increase susceptibility to chronic pain often due to poor diet. Diet has potential to be used as treatment for pain. This study investigates the use of a novel translatable diet to act as a preventative (i.e. prior to surgery) or an intervention (i.e. following an injury).