European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The relative efficacy of mindfulness versus distraction: The moderating role of attentional bias.
This study investigated whether the ability to disengage quickly from pain-related stimuli moderated the relative efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention versus distraction in response to an experimental pain task. ⋯ This study demonstrated the efficacy of a novel, exposure-based mindfulness technique for pain tolerance and showed that those who disengaged easily from pain stimuli benefited most. This brief task could be clinically useful, particularly for those who are not overly focused on their pain symptoms.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes continuous neurological deficits and major sensory-motor impairments. There is no effective treatment to enhance sensory-motor function following SCI. Thus, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutics for this particular patient population. Astaxanthin (AST) is a strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. In the present study, it was tested in a severe compression SCI model with emphasis on sensory-motor outcomes, signalling pathway, along with other complications. ⋯ Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory-motor function and causes complications, which astaxanthin (AST) has the potential to be used as a treatment for. The present study investigates the effects of AST in a compression model of SCI with emphasis on sensory-motor outcomes alongside other complications, histopathological damage and also related signalling pathways.
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Review
Body movements as pain indicators in older people with cognitive impairment: A systematic review.
Pain assessment tools for cognitively impaired older people, unable to self-report pain, are commonly founded upon observation of pain behaviour, such as facial expressions, vocalizations and body movements. The scientific basis for claiming that body movements may indicate pain has not formerly been investigated in a systematic review. The objective was to explore research evidence for body movements being pain indicators in older people with cognitive impairment. ⋯ Pain assessment tools for older people with cognitive impairment or dementia should include valid pain behaviour items. Our review shows strong scientific evidence for the following body movements indicating pain: restlessness (agitation), rubbing, guarding, rigidity and physical aggression.
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Investigation of movement and sensory profiles across STarT Back risk subgroups. ⋯ In 290 people with chronic low back pain movement profile and two-point discrimination threshold differed across risk subgroups defined by the STarT Back Tool. Conversely, pain sensitivity did not differ across these subgroups. These findings may add further guidance for targeted care in these subgroups.
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Over the last decades, consumption of opioids for the treatment of pain increased steadily in the United States, Australia, and a few European countries. To date, no study has analysed time trends in opioid consumption across Europe. ⋯ This study provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of time trends and geographic variations in opioid consumption use across European countries over the last three decades.