Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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This scoping review was undertaken to synthetize and appraise the literature on the potential mechanisms of action of functional electrical stimulation therapy in combination with task-specific training (FEST + TST) in the rehabilitation following stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, or multiple sclerosis. ⋯ The results of this scoping review suggest that FEST + TST can result in multiple effects on different elements of the neuromuscular system, while most research studies were focused on the muscle changes after FEST + TST. Despite the efficacy of the FEST + TST in the neurorehabilitation after CNS injury or disease, the results of this review underline an important knowledge gap with regards to the actual mechanism of action of FEST + TST.
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Tinnitus has no reliable cure but may be significantly relieved by the usage of cochlear implants. However, not all tinnitus patients necessitate cochlear implantation that can impair hearing. This study was to investigate whether a novel extracochlear electrical stimulation (EES) strategy could relieve tinnitus of guinea pigs without hearing impairment, and the roles of auditory-somatosensory plasticity in the cochlear nucleus in the tinnitus relief. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the novel EES strategy could effectively relieve tinnitus without impairment to hearing and cochlear structure of tinnitus animals. The reversal of tinnitus-related auditory-somatosensory plasticity in the cochlear nucleus was correlated with the tinnitus relief induced by the EES.
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Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a promising strategy in treating diseases of the nervous system. In this study, the effects of TNS on traumatic brain injury (TBI) were investigated in a mouse model. ⋯ This study elucidates the role of TNS as an effective treatment for TBI by inhibiting the occurrence of a secondary brain injury.
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Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) can attenuate inflammation in different rodent models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying its action in inhibiting intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice have not been clarified. This study aimed at investigating whether EA at ST36 could activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to inhibit intestinal barrier destruction and liver injury in cholestasis mice. ⋯ EA at ST36 inhibits the BDL-induced intestinal mucosal damage and liver fibrosis by activating the HO-1 cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in intestinal tissues of mice.
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Neurofeedback training is a closed-loop neuromodulatory technique in which real-time feedback of brain activity and connectivity is provided to the participant for the purpose of volitional neural control. Through practice and reinforcement, such learning has been shown to facilitate measurable changes in brain function and behavior. ⋯ The published literature provides mounting high-quality evidence that neurofeedback and BMI control may lead to clinically relevant changes in brain function and behavior.