Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2013
Promising effects of intravenous lipid emulsion as an antidote in acute tramadol poisoning.
In recent years, research has provided experimental and subjective evidence that intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) reverse some hemodynamically considerable poisonings with various drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antidotal effect of ILE on acute tramadol poisoning. ⋯ Intravenous lipid emulsion significantly reduced mortality due to acute toxicity with tramadol in rabbits, although increasing the ILE dose may cause reverse effects.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2013
EditorialBurning mouth syndrome: current clinical, physiopathologic, and therapeutic data.
Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as an "intraoral burning for which no medical or dental cause was found." Lifetime prevalence ranges from 3.7% to 18% - 40% in the elderly. There is no consensus among experts on the diagnostic criteria of BMS, the etiology is poorly understood, and there are no existing clinical guidelines. Therefore, BMS is often underdiagnosed and its management complex. ⋯ We discuss the multifactorial origin, involving peripheral nerve dysfunction and hormonal dysfunction, as well as psychological traits. We also describe the results of randomized clinical trials for each treatment through a pathophysiologic approach. This review should help clinicians recognize BMS, understand its pathophysiology, and gain an enhanced scientific understanding of therapeutic alternatives.