Urologic oncology
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In this article, we review the various options for and the potential role of interferon alfa (IFN-α) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ⋯ There is a lack of efficacious treatment options for patients with NMIBC recurrence or progression after initial BCG treatment. There is a need for well-designed clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of available therapies, including BCG and IFN-α2b combination therapy.