Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
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J Clin Monit Comput · Dec 1999
Clinical TrialValidation of the Natus CO-Stat End Tidal Breath Analyzer in children and adults.
The performance of a point-of-care, noninvasive end tidal breath carbon monoxide analyzer (CO-Stat End Tidal Breath Analyzer, Natus Medical Inc.) that also reports end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and respiratory rate (RR), was compared to established, marketed (predicate) devices in children (n = 39) and adults (n = 48) who are normal or at-risk of elevated CO excretion. ⋯ We conclude that in a clinical environment the Natus CO-Stat End Tidal Breath Analyzer performs at least as well as predicate devices for the measurements of ETCOc, ETCO2, and RR.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Dec 1999
Autoregulation in a simulator-based educational model of intracranial physiology.
To implement a realistic autoregulation mechanism to enhance an existing educational brain model that displays in real-time the cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). ⋯ The autoregulated brain model, with incorporated CO2 responsivity and a variable oxygen extraction, automatically produces changes in CVR, CBF, CBV, and ICP consistent with literature reports, when run concurrently with a METI full-scale patient simulator (Medical Education Technologies, Inc., Sarasota, Florida). Once the model is enhanced to include herniation, vasospasm, and drug effects, its utility will be expanded beyond demonstrating only basic neuroanesthesia concepts.
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The Verbal Numerical Scale (VNS) for rating pain is bounded between 0 (= no pain) and 10 (= worst pain imaginable). We hypothesized that the limitations inherent to this boundary when rating extremely painful stimuli may be identified by integrating the VNS with an unbounded score such as magnitude estimation of relative change. ⋯ The combined use of VNS and magnitude estimation confirmed that the ceiling of the bounded pain scale may significantly limit a patient's ability to describe a new pain stimulus. VNSext may provide a means of overcoming this limitation.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Dec 1999
Response time of the Opti-Q continuous cardiac output pulmonary artery catheter in the urgent mode to a step change in cardiac output.
This study was conducted to determine the response time of the Opti-Q continuous cardiac output (CCO) device to a step change in cardiac. ⋯ Continuous cardiac output measurement was as accurate as those made by standard bolus thermodilution. The average response time to acute changes in cardiac output was approximately 1.5 minutes or ten times faster than previously reported systems. Response time is independent of animal mass, shunt volume and the direction of cardiac output perturbations.