Clinical pediatrics
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A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of congenital heart disease (CHD). The cases were 346 children with CHD who were admitted to a university hospital in Tehran from 1995 to 2000 and controls (n=346) were randomly selected from children without CHD who were admitted during the same period. The medical records of both cases and controls were reviewed. ⋯ Dysmorphic syndromes (p < 0.05) and CHD in siblings (p < 0.001) were also significant risk factors. Maternal illness and drug use in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal history of previous abortions and stillbirths, parental consanguinity, and parental cardiac lesions were not significant risk factors for CHD in offspring. Results suggest that genetic factors more than environmental or reproductive factors can increase the occurrence of cardiac defects.
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Clinical pediatrics · Nov 2002
Antiemetic use in pediatric gastroenteritis: a national survey of emergency physicians, pediatricians, and pediatric emergency physicians.
The objective of this study was to review the use of antiemetics for pediatric gastroenteritis and to determine prescribing patterns of physicians. A mailed cross-sectional survey instrument was sent to randomly selected board-certified emergency medicine, pediatric, and pediatric emergency medicine specialists. A total of 1665 surveys were mailed, with 593 completed surveys returned (35.6% response rate). ⋯ The most common concern regarding antiemetic use was potential for side effects. Occasional antiemetic use appears to be a common practice in treating pediatric gastroenteritis, regardless of specialty. Given the absence of literature on efficacy or safety, these drugs should be used only with careful consideration to potential side effects.
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Conflicts between residents and attending physicians over ethical issues often occur and residents must attempt to navigate these perilous waters. A brief description of a conflict concerning informed consent and professional role expectations in a neonatal intensive care unit is presented. The discussion then explores contextual features that often shape such ethical conflicts and presents ways of understanding ethical conflicts that occur in the course of medical training. Constructive approaches for residents to engage in conflict resolution are offered.