Antiviral therapy
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A clinical trial of intravenous peramivir compared with oral oseltamivir for the treatment of seasonal influenza in hospitalized adults.
Seasonal interpandemic influenza causes >200,000 annual hospitalizations in the United States. Optimal antiviral treatment in hospitalized patients is not established. ⋯ Treatment of acute seasonal influenza in hospitalized adults with either peramivir or oseltamivir resulted in generally similar clinical outcomes. Treatment with peramivir was generally safe and well tolerated and could be of benefit in this population.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Switching to tenofovir/emtricitabine from abacavir/lamivudine in HIV-infected adults with raised cholesterol: effect on lipid profiles.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on fasting lipid parameters of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus emtricitabine (FTC) from abacavir (ABC) plus lamivudine (3TC; both fixed-dose combinations), while maintaining ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r). ⋯ Switching to TDF/FTC from ABC/3TC was associated with rapid improvements in fasting lipid parameters and continued virological control in patients receiving LPV/r as the third component of antiretroviral therapy. The effect of these changes on clinical end points remains unclear and would need to be evaluated in a longer-term study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effect of an induction period of pegylated interferon-α2a and ribavirin on early virological response in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients: results from the CORAL-2 study.
It is uncertain whether a 4-week induction period of pegylated interferon and ribavirin increases early virological response (EVR) in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. ⋯ A 4-week induction with pegylated interferon-α2a plus ribavirin was associated with a greater decrease in HCV RNA at week 4; however, this did not translate into higher EVR rates. Higher RBV doses and avoidance of NRTI-sparing antiretroviral regimens might improve HCV treatment efficacy.
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Multicenter Study
Living with HIV, antiretroviral treatment experience and tobacco smoking: results from a multisite cross-sectional study.
To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco smoking and dependence in HIV patients. ⋯ Very few HIV smokers seem to be good candidates for a standard tobacco cessation program. Tobacco reduction or cessation strategies should be adapted to this population.