Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Smoking cessation can reduce both morbidity and mortality among patients who have heart disease. China has the largest number of smokers in the world, and most smokers have low motivation to quit. Regular smoking cessation services are almost nonexistent in China, and little is known about the psychometric properties of instruments in assessing smoking self-efficacy in Chinese, whose cultures differ greatly from those of Westerners. ⋯ Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that successful quitting at 1 month and at 3 months were predicted by higher external stimuli score, fewer cigarettes smoked per day, lower FTND scores, and being in the intervention group. We concluded that the Chinese version of the SEQ-12 is a valid and reliable instrument for Chinese cardiac patients who smoke. The SEQ-12 can be used to assess smokers' self-efficacy so that appropriate smoking cessation interventions can be provided.
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Smokers' expected outcomes of using nicotine dependence medications may act as barriers to their use. In Study 1, 27 smokers were interviewed. Framework analysis was used to identify key themes in smokers' expectations of using nicotine dependence medications. ⋯ Effectiveness outcome expectations were strong predictors of intentions, whereas outcome expectations that these medications are desirable were additional predictors. Expectations of effectiveness appear to be influenced by the ability of the medications to control cravings to smoke. Interventions aimed at increasing the likelihood with which smokers use nicotine dependence medications may be more successful if they address these expectations.
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Multicenter Study
Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey.
Patients in hospital emergency departments smoke more than the general population. Smoking profiles of these patients have largely been characterized in small, single-institution cohorts. Our objective was to survey adult smokers visiting a sample of U. ⋯ Emergency department patients smoked at moderate amounts, with moderate levels of addiction and interest in quitting. Smokers with tobacco-related diagnoses, or who believed their emergency department visit was related to smoking, were more interested in quitting. These findings suggest that the emergency department visit may provide a teachable moment to reach smokers who have tobacco-related problems.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Smoking cessation with smokeless tobacco and group therapy: an open, randomized, controlled trial.
Smokeless tobacco might be effective as an adjunct for smoking cessation. We evaluated the efficacy of smokeless tobacco and group support for smoking cessation in an open, randomized study that compared smokeless tobacco plus group support versus group support only. The study enrolled 263 healthy smokers (M (age) = 49 years) who smoked a mean of 24 cigarettes/day, with a mean of 31 pack-years. ⋯ Smokeless tobacco was relatively well tolerated, although 15 subjects (11.2%) stopped use due to adverse events. A total of 25 subjects (17.5 %) were still using smokeless tobacco after 6 months. This trial demonstrated short-term efficacy of smokeless tobacco in combination with group support for smoking cessation but no long-term efficacy.