Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Controlled Clinical Trial
The emergency department action in smoking cessation (EDASC) trial: impact on cessation outcomes.
The focus on acute care, time pressure, and lack of resources hamper the implementation of smoking cessation guidelines in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to determine whether an emergency nurse- initiated intervention based on the 5A's (Ask-Advise-Assess-Assist-Arrange) framework improves quit rates. ⋯ It is feasible to improve the delivery of brief smoking cessation counseling by ED staff. The observed improvements in performance of cessation counseling, however, did not translate into statistically significant improvements in cessation rates. Further improvements in the effectiveness of ED cessation interventions are needed.
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We sought to assess the impact of a 25% tax excise rise on tobacco sales in Aboriginal communities in remote Australia and to explore local perceptions about tobacco tax rises and their impact. ⋯ The wide confidence interval around our estimated reduction in consumption means that the tax increase could have either been associated or not with a reduction in consumption. Future excise rises are supported but should be carefully monitored in Australian Indigenous populations.
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Existing research documents strong inverse socioeconomic gradients in current smoking and lung cancer morbidity and mortality; these gradients appear stronger among non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks compared with Hispanics. We sought to examine a broader range of outcomes across the tobacco use continuum, examining socioeconomic gradients separately among the 3 largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. ⋯ Educational attainment is strongly associated with indicators across the tobacco use continuum among non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. More research is needed to determine whether policies and programs to increase educational attainment may also reduce tobacco-related health disparities.
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This paper explores perceptions of how the regulation of nicotine-containing products (NCPs) impacts the development and availability of more effective cigarette substitutes. ⋯ Although experts generally agreed that NRT development ought to focus on stronger and faster-acting products, questions were raised over whether this aligns with smokers' understandings and requirements. A more nuanced grasp of how smokers understand harm-reduction approaches and products is required. Pharmaceutical companies may not be best placed to innovate, indicating that the market may well be left to other actors including the tobacco industry.