Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · May 1998
ReviewPhysical exercise as a human model of limited inflammatory response.
An inflammatory response represents a fundamental series of humoral and cellular reaction cascades in response to infection, tissue injury, and related insults. An excessive response is commonly seen under the pathological conditions of trauma, sepsis, and burns. It is becoming increasingly evident that most, if not all, of the distinguishing features of a classical inflammatory response are detectable in an exercising individual, namely mobilization and activation of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; release of inflammatory factors and soluble mediators; involvement of active phase reactants; and activation of the complement and other reactive humoral cascade systems. ⋯ Unlike the exaggerated and sometimes uncontrollable inflammatory response in septic and trauma patients resulting in morbidity and mortality, strenuous and severe exercise normally elicits an inflammatory response of a subclinical nature to facilitate the repairing process for site-specific tissue damage. Regardless of the inciting event, for example trauma, infection, or exercise, and given an appropriate triggering signal, a remarkably similar sequence of inflammatory reactions can be reproduced in the affected host. Therefore, physical exercise and training represent an acceptable and good model for the study of limited inflammatory responses in humans.
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · May 1998
ReviewImmune responses to inflammation and trauma: a physical training model.
Physical activity and training have some potential as tools for examining immune responses to inflammation and trauma. Contributors to the present symposium review various aspects of the inflammatory process, including issues of lymphocyte recirculation and endotoxemia. ⋯ Factors that can exacerbate exercise-induced changes include exposure to adverse environments, particularly hot conditions, and disturbances of the normal sleep-wakefulness cycle. Current research in exercise immunology finds clinical application in attempts to regulate aging, acute viral infections, and neoplasia.