Journal of medical economics
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Observational Study
The association between the severity of chronic kidney disease and medical costs among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Examine healthcare costs across chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages for US patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). ⋯ Results indicate there are sharp and significant increases in medical costs among T2D patients with Stage 4 and 5 CKD compared to those with earlier stages of CKD.
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Critical illness insurance (CII) is one kind of health insurance that is gradually gaining attention worldwide. China implemented CII in 2012 to decrease patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) medical payments. The aims of this study were to determine if the project had positive impacts on relieving financial burden and improving health equity. ⋯ The CII has effectively reduced the financial burden of patients with high medical cost, whether in the short-term or a longer length of time. It also improved health equity in health service utilization and expenditure. However, rich householders still receive more benefits from the policy, government health insurance financing is increased, and the policy needs to further benefit the poor.