Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Mar 1986
Oral contraceptives and other risk factors for gallbladder disease.
Prior studies of the association between oral contraceptives (OCs) and gallbladder disease (GBD) have yielded conflicting results. To clarify this association, a retrospective (historical) cohort study was performed on a very large data base including 1980 and 1981 Medicaid billing data from the states of Michigan and Minnesota in which 138,943 users of OCs were compared with 341,478 nonusers. The crude relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for symptomatic GBD resulting in medical care was 1.14 (CI 1.09 to 1.20), with a clear dose-response (P less than 0.001). ⋯ The effects of a number of other risk factors on GBD, some which have been controversial, were also confirmed. Adjustment for these did not change the results. In conclusion, OCs are risk factors for GBD, although the risk is of sufficient magnitude to be of potential clinical importance only in young women.