Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMeloxicam, 15 mg/day, spares platelet function in healthy volunteers.
To study the influence of meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on serum thromboxane and platelet function in healthy volunteers with use of the maximum recommended daily dosage of 15 mg/day. ⋯ Meloxicam, 15 mg/day caused a major reduction of maximum thromboxane production but no reduction in collagen- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and only minor increase of the closure time.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Aug 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPropofol decreases the clearance of midazolam by inhibiting CYP3A4: an in vivo and in vitro study.
To examine the effect of propofol on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in vivo and to elucidate the mechanism of the pharmacokinetic changes of midazolam by propofol with the use of human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP3A4. ⋯ Propofol decreases the clearance of midazolam, and the possible mechanism is the competitive inhibition of hepatic CYP3A4.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jul 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAcetaminophen has greater antipyretic efficacy than aspirin in endotoxemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
To compare the antipyretic efficacy of aspirin and acetaminophen (INN, paracetamol) in 30 male volunteers with the use of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) to elicit a standardized febrile response. ⋯ Acetaminophen was the superior antipyretic drug in endotoxemia compared with aspirin. Treatment with acetaminophen ameliorates subjective symptoms induced by endotoxemia without compromising the humoral response of a subject to endotoxin. This observation has clinical interest and may also help to improve the lipopolysaccharide model, which can be used to test anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory drugs.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Apr 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ondansetron.
Ondansetron is an antiemetic agent metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Rifampin (INN, rifampicin) is a potent inducer of CYP3A4 and some other CYP enzymes. We examined the possible effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered ondansetron. ⋯ Rifampin considerably decreases the plasma concentrations of ondansetron after both oral and intravenous administration. The interaction is most likely the result of induction of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of ondansetron. Concomitant use of rifampin or other potent inducers of CYP3A4 with ondansetron may result in a reduced antiemetic effect, particularly after oral administration of ondansetron.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAnalgesic efficacy of a combination of hydrocodone with ibuprofen in postoperative pain.
Two randomized, double-blind, parallel-group single-dose 2 x 2 factorial analgesic studies compared a single-dose or a 2-tablet dose of a combination of 7.5 mg hydrocodone bitartrate with 200 mg ibuprofen with each constituent alone and with a placebo in women with moderate or severe postoperative pain from abdominal or gynecologic surgery. A nurse-observer recorded patient reports of pain intensity and pain relief periodically for 8 hours. ⋯ The combination was likewise significantly superior to both hydrocodone and ibuprofen for most of these summary measures of analgesia. In a factorial analysis, both the hydrocodone and ibuprofen effects were significant for most summary measures of analgesia, whereas results of the interaction contrast were consistent with the concept that the analgesic effect of the combination represents the additive analgesia of its 2 constituents.