Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntravenous magnesium sulfate for bronchial hyperreactivity: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study.
Magnesium has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma. Conflicting data exist concerning the effect of magnesium on bronchial hyperreactivity. ⋯ In the magnesium group, 30% of the subjects reached a normal PC(20) compared with 10% in the placebo group. We conclude that intravenous magnesium sulfate significantly improved bronchial hyperreactivity and may serve as an adjunct to standard treatment.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Apr 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSpecific effect of venlafaxine on single and repetitive experimental painful stimuli in humans.
Tricyclic antidepressants relieve neuropathic pain, and the analgesic properties of tricyclic antidepressants are substantiated in human experimental pain models. It has been speculated that drugs with a selective inhibition of presynaptic reuptake of both serotonin and noradrenaline could have an analgesic effect comparable to the analgesic effect of tricyclic antidepressants. ⋯ Venlafaxine increases the pain tolerance threshold to electrical sural nerve stimulation and the threshold at which pain increases (pain summation). The impact of venlafaxine on pain summation in this experimental pain model on repetitive stimulation may indicate a potential analgesic effect for clinical neuropathic pain.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialADL 8-2698, a trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl) piperidine, prevents gastrointestinal effects of intravenous morphine without affecting analgesia.
ADL-8-2698 is a novel peripherally restricted opioid antagonist that may selectively prevent opioid-induced gastrointestinal effects without reversing analgesia. Gastrointestinal transit time (lactulose hydrogen breath test) was measured in 14 volunteers with oral and intravenous placebo, oral placebo and intravenous morphine (0.05 mg x kg(-1)), and oral ADL 8-2698 (4 mg) and intravenous morphine (0.05 mg x kg(-1)) in a double blind, cross-over study. Morphine prolonged gastrointestinal transit time from 69 to 103 minutes (P = .005); this was prevented by ADL 8-2698 (P = .004). ⋯ Analgesia and pupil constriction were measured. Morphine analgesia and pupil constriction were unaffected by ADL 8-2698 and differed from placebo (P < .002). We conclude that ADL 8-2698 prevents morphine-induced increases in gastrointestinal transit time by means of selective peripheral opioid anitagonism without affecting central opioid analgesia.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Dec 2000
Lack of effect of St John's Wort on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.
St John's Wort is a popular herbal product used by approximately 7% of patients with epilepsy. Previous reports have described reductions in concentrations of CYP3A4 substrates indinavir and cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin) associated with St John's Wort. ⋯ The results suggest that treatment with St John's Wort for 14 days did not further induce the clearance of carbamazepine.