Arh Hig Rada Toksiko
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Arh Hig Rada Toksiko · Jun 2006
Pyridinium, imidazolium and quinuclidinium compounds: toxicity and antidotal effects against the nerve agents Tabun and Soman.
This paper discusses the toxicity and antidotal effects of 32 compounds. Screening studies have shown that these compounds combined with atropine are effective antidotes against the organophosphate nerve agents Tabun and/or Soman, having a therapeutic factor equal or greater than 2.0 when tested in mice or rats. We analysed the results of these studies, and recommend that these compounds should be studied in more detail simultaneously with conventional antidotes (PAM-2, HI-6, Toxogonin, TMB-4) in order to assess whether they could broaden the choice of compounds now available for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.
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Pyrethrins, natural extracts of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Chrysanthemum cocineum flowers, and pyrethroids, synthetic analogues and derivatives of pyrethrins, are powerful insecticides. They are widely used in households and insect control in pets or livestock, in textiles such as carpets, wallpapers, furniture and clothes, as well as in agriculture, forestry and public health services. This article brings a list of pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides registered for use in plant protection in Croatia. ⋯ Another important toxicological mechanism is allergenicity, which is more pronounced with pyrethrins than with synthetic pyrethroids. Because there is no antidote for pyrethrin and pyrethroid poisoning, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. The article discusses the measures for poisoning prevention and alleviation of exposure to pyrethrins and pyrethroids in occupational settings and in general population.