Adv Clin Exp Med
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Richter syndrome: A rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma.
Richter's syndrome (RS) is a rare complication with an unfavorable prognosis, in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) transform into a more aggressive type of lymphoma, most commonly into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or less often into Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). ⋯ Richter's syndrome is a rare, but probable complication of CLL/SLL with an unfavorable prognosis, and it should be taken into account at every stage of the disease, particularly when the course of the disease is aggressive.
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Overlap syndrome (OS) describes the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a single individual. Subjects with OS have increased cardiovascular mortality which is presumed to be inflammation-mediated. As a clinical biomarker, an increased neutrophil count correlates with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. ⋯ Overlap syndrome subjects have higher PPN than those with COPD alone, regardless of their CPAP compliance. Our results could be used to motivate OS subjects to improve their lifestyles and to comply with drug therapies aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD).