Adv Clin Exp Med
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with various comorbidities, which influence the course of COPD and worsen prognosis. ⋯ In a cohort of Polish COPD patients, the most frequent comorbidities were CVDs. The number of comorbidities affected the BODE index, but not airflow limitation. The BODE index is better than forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in the rating of COPD patients' condition. The BMI correlated with the number of comorbidities as well as the number of hospitalizations for extra-pulmonary causes.
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Richter syndrome: A rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma.
Richter's syndrome (RS) is a rare complication with an unfavorable prognosis, in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) transform into a more aggressive type of lymphoma, most commonly into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or less often into Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). ⋯ Richter's syndrome is a rare, but probable complication of CLL/SLL with an unfavorable prognosis, and it should be taken into account at every stage of the disease, particularly when the course of the disease is aggressive.
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Overlap syndrome (OS) describes the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a single individual. Subjects with OS have increased cardiovascular mortality which is presumed to be inflammation-mediated. As a clinical biomarker, an increased neutrophil count correlates with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. ⋯ Overlap syndrome subjects have higher PPN than those with COPD alone, regardless of their CPAP compliance. Our results could be used to motivate OS subjects to improve their lifestyles and to comply with drug therapies aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disorder in the general population. ⋯ The change of the Hcy level was not proportional to the severity of the disease in different groups of OSAHS patients, and CPAP did not affect the Hcy levels.
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Both positive and negative associations between developmental enamel defects (DED) and dental caries have been reported in the literature. ⋯ The prevalence of DED in the examined population was low and comparable to those reported in regions without fluoridated water. The study confirmed that children affected by diffuse enamel opacities were less susceptible to dental caries, while demarcated opacities and hypoplasia should be considered important dental caries risk factors.