Adv Exp Med Biol
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Multicenter Study
Impaired cerebral autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy and its relation to clinical outcomes in premature infants.
The concordance between the change in the Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) and the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) is studied using the Correlation, Coherence and Partial Coherence methods in order to detect Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation in Neonates. The presence of impaired autoregulation is assessed by the use of the Critical Percentage of Recording Time (CPRT). The changes in CBF are reflected by the measurement of changes in cerebral intravascular oxygenation (HbD), regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)), and cerebral tissue oxygenation (TOI), as measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) (INVOS4100 and NIRO300). The relation between impaired autoregulation and long term clinical outcomes in premature infants is studied.
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Using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cerebral microdialysis (MD),we investigated cerebral cellular metabolism and mitochondrial redox states, following hypercapnoea in 6 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In all patients hypercapnoea increased intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity measured with transcranial Doppler. ⋯ Although no obvious association was seen between the Δ[oxCCO] and the MD, measured changes in lactate and pyruvate concentrations. Further work using model informed data interpretation may be helpful in understanding the multimodal signals acquired in this heterogeneous patient group.
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Machine learning approaches have wide applications in bioinformatics, and decision tree is one of the successful approaches applied in this field. In this chapter, we briefly review decision tree and related ensemble algorithms and show the successful applications of such approaches on solving biological problems. ⋯ On the other hand, by being exposed to the applications of decision trees and ensemble algorithms in bioinformatics, computer scientists can get better ideas of which bioinformatics topics they may work on in their future research directions. We aim to provide a platform to bridge the gap between biologists and computer scientists.
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This chapter focuses on the role of sphingolipids in the regulation of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) dependent lipid synthesis and ATP-binding cassette protein ABCA1 and ABCG1 mediated lipid efflux, key regulators of cellular lipid homeostasis. Sphingolipid synthesis activates SREBPs independently of whether sphingolipid synthesis occurs through recycling or de novo pathways. SREBPs are major transcription factors of lipid metabolism that regulate more than 30 genes of cholesterol, fatty acid and phospholipid synthetic enzymes and they required NADPH cofactors. ⋯ Animal studies support the findings made in cultured cells. Inhibition of sphingolipid de novo synthesis increases anti-atherogenic lipoproteins and decreases atherosclerosis in mouse models. Together, manipulation of sphingolipid synthetic pathways is a potentially promising therapeutic target for treatment of low-HDL dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.