Indian J Med Res
-
HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) among antenatal women in India has been used to track the epidemic for many years. However, reliable tracking at the local level is not possible as ANC sentinel sites are limited in number and cover a smaller sample size at each site. Prevention of parent-to-child-transmission (PPTCT) programme data has a potential advantage due to better geographical coverage, which could provide more precise HIV case estimates; therefore, we compared HSS ANC data with PPTCT programme data for HIV tracking. ⋯ High-quality PPTCT programme data can provide reliable HIV trends in India. An operational framework for PPTCT-based surveillance should be pilot-tested in a phased manner before replacing HSS with PPTCT.
-
Although the World Health Organization recommends same day or rapid (< seven days) antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, delays in ART initiation remain common due to waiting for laboratory test results. This study employed a simplified clinical algorithm the HATI [HIV Awal (Early) Test & Treat Indonesia]-SAI (Simple ART Initiation) aimed to increase the proportion of ART uptake and decrease the time to ART initiation that can be used in various care settings. ⋯ The findings of this study suggest that the HATI-SAI intervention increased the uptake and decreased the time for immediate ART initiation. The HATI-SAI provides a simple and safe clinical approach that can readily be adopted in different settings without a costly investment in technology.
-
Transgender women (TGW) in India are at high risk of HIV infection. Despite behavioural interventions aimed at reducing HIV risk, no literature synthesis exists so far to evaluate their potential for reducing HIV incidence in India This review was aimed to identify and evaluate HIV-focussed behaviour change interventions for TGW in India. ⋯ The scoping review highlights the need for behavioural interventions for HIV prevention tailored to TGW in India. This study emphasizes the need for research to move to the next stage of intervention development and testing utilizing more rigorous evaluation methods, such as a randomized controlled trial.
-
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be the main cause of cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in smear specimens taken from women who had normal or abnormal cytology using a multiplex PCR method. ⋯ The determination of high-risk HPV genotypes in women with clinically suspicious cervical lesions should be conducted during an annual follow-up, irrespective of a normal or abnormal cytology by the age of 30 years or above.
-
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a frequent participant in the infectious process in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence of HCMV reactivation in critically ill patients and estimate the clinical effect of reactivation on the course of the pathological process. ⋯ HCMV reactivation can influence the course of bacterial pathology with a deteriorating effect on such groups of patients. Monitoring the viral load of latent HCMV can be helpful in the assessment of the host immune status, the course of the pathological process, and its clinical prognosis.