Indian J Med Res
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Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria is a rare acquired disease characterized by bone marrow failure, intravascular haemolysis and thrombophilia. Thrombosis is the deadliest complication of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). The present study was conducted to study the prevalence of PNH in cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) which was previously undocumented from western Rajasthan. ⋯ The results of the present study suggest that a higher proportion of patients had PNH in western Rajasthan compared to previously reported studies from elsewhere. It is suggested that PNH testing should be added to the procoagulant work-up panel in institutions of this region where it is not routinely done. This provides an otherwise missed opportunity to diagnose this disorder. Eculizumab may be employed, which is effective in reducing thrombophilic events in cases of PNH.
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Review
Economic evaluation of hepatitis A vaccines by income level of the country: A systematic review.
Although several reviews of economic evaluation (EE) studies on hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine exist, there remains a need to corroborate such data from time to time. This study aimed to systematically review the literature for reports on EE of HAV vaccination by type of population, characteristics of intervention and income level of the country. ⋯ The finding of this review suggest that universal vaccination of children without screening was likely to be cost-effective, especially in MICs. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the methodology varied across studies. Several aspects should also be considered in transferring the EE results across jurisdictions.
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Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a safe, sensitive, specific, and affordable diagnostic tool that can be used during screening of large-scale epidemiological investigations. Development and evaluation of IgM and IgG ELISA for screening serum samples of NiV suspected cases would also help in planning public health interventions. ⋯ Timely diagnosis of NiV is crucial for the management of cases, which could prevent further spread of infection in the community. IgM ELISA can be used as primary diagnostic tool followed by polymerase chain reaction. These assays have advantages of its applicability during outbreak investigations and surveillance activities at hospital or onsite laboratories with basic biosafety practices.