Indian J Med Res
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BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus and cause of a common infection after renal transplantation which could be preceded to BKV-associated nephropathy. It has four main subtypes (I-IV). BKV subtypes II and III are rare, whereas subtype I shows a ubiquitous distribution. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevailing BKV subtypes and subgroups in renal transplant patients in Sri Lanka. ⋯ Findings from this preliminary study showed a high occurrence of subtype I, while the presence of subtype II, which is rare and less prevalent, was a novel finding for this Asian region. This emphasizes the need for further molecular and serological studies to determine the prevalence of different BKV subtypes in Sri Lanka.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a burgeoning challenge of global priority, warranting immediate action to prevent the explosion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the most important driver for AMR. ⋯ Meanwhile, to reduce dependence on antibiotics, other alternatives such as vaccines, antibodies, pattern recognition receptors, probiotics, bacteriophages, peptides, phytochemicals, metals, and antimicrobial enzymes are being explored. This review provides an overview of various promising, potential and under investigative strategies as alternatives to antibiotics.
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Observational Study
COTPA implementation status: An observational study in South Indian city.
The World Health Organization (WHO) document released on the World No Tobacco Day, 2020, mentions that tobacco kills over 22,000 people worldwide every day either from its use or second-hand smoke exposure, which is one person every 4 sec. In 2003, the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) was enacted by the Indian government to control/regulate use of tobacco and tobacco products. Despite various amendments to this law, there has not been any appreciable decrease in tobacco use. The objective of this study was to assess the compliance level with sections 4-10 of COTPA in urban Puducherry in South India. ⋯ The overall compliance with COTPA was found to be very low in urban Puducherry. In order to ensure proper implementation of the laws, effective enforcement with periodic monitoring of various sections of COTPA are needed.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and other systems disease. Studies describing liver involvement and liver function test (LFT) abnormalities are sparse from our population. This study was undertaken to estimate the LFT abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary care set up in India. ⋯ In COVID-19, LFT abnormalities were common, and derangement increased as severity progressed. The presence of deranged LFT worsens the clinical outcome and predicts in-hospital mortality.