Indian J Med Res
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Background & objectives Our study aims to provide the diversity of stem cell use for non-malignant, non-haematological diseases in India through the lens of clinical trials. Methods A PRISMA approach was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell use for the period 2001-2021 in India. The outcomes were measured using each disease category, types of stem cells, the origin of stem cells, safety, and efficacy. ⋯ The study revealed 37 randomized clinical trial studies conducted in the government research hospital compared to the non-government. Interpretation & conclusions Maintaining the gold standard for stem cell therapy requires randomized clinical trials with large sample sizes, control groups, failures, adverse effects, etc. It is important to have a monitoring and regulation system in stem cell clinical research activities with enough preclinical data and repeated exchanges between the bench and the bedside.
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Multicenter Study
Surveillance for surgical site infections developed during hospital stay & after discharge: A multicentric study.
Background & objectives Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). They cause significant morbidity, leading to excess health expenditures and increased length of hospital stay. Despite a high population burden, data on post-discharge SSIs is lacking from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). ⋯ Clean, polluted wound class and surgeries lasting longer than 120 minutes were substantially linked to an increased risk of SSI. Interpretation & conclusions Post-discharge surveillance helped with the detection of 66 per cent of SSI cases. Combination surgeries were seen to increase the risk of SSIs in patients.
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Background & objectives The choice of anesthetic for better perioperative conservation of immune responses has always been contentious. This study investigated the differential impact of the intravenous anesthetic, propofol, and the volatile anesthetic, isoflurane on the T cell immune responses, if any, among individuals going through perioperative breast cancer. Methods Perioperative blood samples (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative) collected from participants with breast cancer in two arms namely isoflurane arm (n=50) and the propofol arm (n=50) were analyzed for T cell immune response using flow cytometry and ELISA. ⋯ Molecular docking (MD) validated propofol's better binding energy with CD4/CD8 than isoflurane. MD simulations propagated that in contrast to isoflurane, propofol formed a more compact and stabilized structure with CD4/CD8, making the amino acid residues on the surface of CD4/CD8 inaccessible for any interaction. Interpretation & conclusions The clinical observations and the in silico findings exhibited that propofol in comparison to isoflurane better regulated T cell immuno-inflammatory response in perioperative breast cancer patients.
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Background & objectives Non communicable diseases (NCD) have emerged as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India in the past few decades. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors among adults residing in urban slums of West Bengal, India. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population aged 15-69 yr in urban slums of Purba Burdwan district, West Bengal over a period of two months. ⋯ Again respondents aged 45-69 yr (AOR 4.45 CI:1.79-10.99) and married (AOR 3.77 CI:1.76-7.44) were associated with overweight and or/obesity. Furthermore, age AOR 5.04 CI:1.34-17.98) and employment status (AOR 1.78 CI:1.67-3.09) were significantly associated with raised blood pressure in multivariate analysis. Interpretation & conclusions The high prevalence of risk factors of NCD in the study population is suggestive of a need for health promotion by creating awareness about the dangers of smoking and alcohol consumption as well as educating the people about the benefits of physical activity and eating a healthy diet.
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Background & objectives Biobanks are crucial for biomedical research, enabling new treatments and medical advancements. The biobank at the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) aims to gather, process, store, and distribute biospecimens to assist scientific studies. Methods This article details the profile of two cohorts: the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR). ⋯ A register records access to the biobank, ensuring sample integrity and compliance with regulatory requirements. The biobank adheres to the ICMR's National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving human participants. Interpretation & conclusions The biobank enables the analysis of biomarkers in stored samples, aiding in scientifically sound decisions, treating patients, and potentially curing diabetes.