Emergencias
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
[Ethyl chloride aerosol spray for local anesthesia before arterial puncture: randomized placebo-controlled trial].
To compare the efficacy of an ethyl chloride aerosol spray to a placebo spray applied in the emergency department to the skin to reduce pain from arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. ⋯ Topical application of an ethyl chloride spray did not reduce pain caused by arterial puncture.
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Multicenter Study
[Competence of triage nurses in hospital emergency departments].
To identify associations between sociodemographic characteristics variables and competence levels of triage nurses in hospital emergency departments. ⋯ The competence of triage nurses and their perception of confidence when performing triage increases with emergency department experience and training.
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Acute heart failure (AHF) has become a public health problem of the first magnitude: it is the main cause of emergencies and hospitalization in patients over the age of 65. Various guidelines for managing AHF have been drafted in recent years, yet we continue to see high readmission and mortality rates. ⋯ Few studies have analyzed precipitating factors in AHF and their role in prognosis. This review analyzes the prevalence of precipitating factors and their relation to readmission and mortality.
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The new European Union directives affecting clinical trials of medicines introduced important changes for Spain, leading to the publication of a Royal Decree regulating the conduct of clinical trials that went into effect in January 2016. The decree sets out the principles for complying with the EU directives, regulates the work of institutional review boards (IRBs) or ethics committees that review research proposals, introduces means to facilitate clinical research, and clarifies the role of the Spanish register of clinical trials, among other topics. ⋯ These concepts may be particularly useful for clinical trials designed by emergency medicine physicians. We also comment on changes affecting vulnerable populations and the documents that must be presented to both the researchers' IRB and the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products.