J Emerg Med
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prescription noncompliance: contribution to emergency department visits and cost.
We randomly surveyed 100 patients in the acute care section of a large urban university hospital Emergency Department (ED) on 6 days with regard to the existence of and reasons for prescription noncompliance. Noncompliance was considered a major factor contributing to the ED visit if: (1) no medications had been taken for at least 48 h before the ED visit; (2) the medications, when previously taken, had routinely controlled the condition for which the patient was presenting to the ED; and (3) no other significant cause or illness was believed to have precipitated the ED visit. ED, admissions, and yearly medication costs were calculated for all patients. ⋯ Six noncompliant patients were admitted at an average cost of $4,834.62. The average cost of a year's medication was $520.72. Noncompliance with drug prescriptions is a significant contributor to ED visits and health care costs.
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Case Reports
Pulmonary venous air embolism following accidental patient laceration of a hemodialysis catheter.
As the number of patients at home with indwelling central venous catheters increases, more complications from their use will present to the emergency department. We report a case of pulmonary venous air embolism after a patient inadvertently severed the distal few centimeters of an indwelling central venous catheter.
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This retrospective study was designed to investigate the current practice of nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in the Emergency Department (ED) at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center. Over a 5-year period, 21% (105/501) of patients intubated in the ED had at least one NTI attempt. The most frequent primary diagnoses in these patients included drug overdose, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ⋯ Thus, there is limited exposure to this intubation technique in EM residency programs. Nasotracheal intubation is a useful alternative to oral intubation, particularly when oral access is compromised. While not the optimal approach, we conclude that NTI is still a valuable method for establishing an airway and should remain among the emergency physician's arsenal of intubation techniques.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Serial use of bedside CKMB/myoglobin device to detect acute myocardial infarction in emergency department chest pain patients.
A qualitative bedside device (Spectral Diagnostics, Toronto, Canada) for CKMB and myoglobin (MYOG) detection was evaluated in emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain to determine performance characteristics. At presentation (0 h) and at three hours (3 h), serum was analyzed in the ED with results considered positive if either 0-h or 3-h CKMB or MYOG bands were visible. The results were compared with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) per hospital discharge diagnosis (n = 132, 87%) or telephone follow-up (n = 19; 1 patient lost to follow-up). ⋯ If the device result was positive, then the odds ratio for having an ischemic complication was 6.5. We conclude that the CKMB/MYOG device identified most MI patients at ED presentation and 3 h later. Combining device results with EKG detected all MI patients in the ED.
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We present the case of a patient with profound alcohol-related lactic acidosis (lactate = 16.1 mmol/L; pH = 6.67) associated with a multitude of metabolic derangements who made a remarkable recovery following aggressive management. The patient was in extremis upon arrival in the emergency department (ED), and resuscitation was begun immediately. ⋯ In this patient, the severe lactic acidosis and associated abnormalities were all attributed to acute and chronic effects of ethanol. A brief summary of the proposed mechanism by which these metabolic derangements developed and an outline of her management follows.