J Emerg Med
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Jaundiced infants are uncommon in most emergency departments (EDs). Biliary rupture remains one of the more rare and less described causes of this condition. ⋯ A 5-month-old male presented to our ED with scleral icterus, increasing abdominal distention, and increased irritability. A bedside ultrasound revealed a moderate amount of ascites and further imaging suggested he had a rupture of his common bile duct. Surgical exploration confirmed this and revealed the presence of choledocholithiasis, which was the likely cause of the rupture. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Biliary rupture remains a rare but serious condition in very young patients. Emergency physicians should consider bedside ultrasound as an adjunct in undifferentiated abdominal distention or jaundice in this patient population.
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Prior studies of admitted geriatric syncope patients suggest that diagnostic tests affect management < 5% of the time; whether this is true among all emergency department (ED) patients with syncope remains unclear. ⋯ Although routine testing is prevalent in ED patients with syncope, the diagnostic yield is relatively low. Nevertheless, some testing, particularly echocardiography, may yield critical findings. Current efforts to reduce the cost of medical care by eliminating nondiagnostic medical testing and increasing emphasis on practicing evidence-based medicine argue for more discriminate testing when evaluating syncope.
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Ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture in the pediatric emergency medicine setting has not been well established, but ultrasound could serve as a valuable tool in this setting. ⋯ The use of ultrasound in the pediatric emergency setting can be a valuable adjunct with lumbar puncture.
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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a technology that has been touted as a safe and effective alternative to traditional cigarettes. There is, however, a paucity of literature showing the adverse outcomes of e-cigarettes and a correlation with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). ⋯ Though an alternative to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes can have unpredictable and potentially serious adverse effects. More research needs to be conducted to determine their safety. If seeing a patient in the ED with pulmonary symptoms after use of e-cigarettes, AEP should be considered in the differential.
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Disclosing potential future malignancy risks from diagnostic tests that expose children to ionizing radiation in the emergency department may be challenging. ⋯ Approximately one-third of pediatric emergency physicians were able to identify the best available estimate of the malignancy risk from a head CT. Although there are some barriers, many PEM physicians report regularly participating in risk-benefit disclosures.